ReadThe Constitution of India
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THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
464 Articles organised into 25 Parts and 12 Schedules make up the current Constitution.

PARTS
Collection of Articles on specific themes e.g. Fundamental Rights under Part III.

SCHEDULES
Contains additional information that has not been included in any Articles.

Original Manuscript

Regional Translations

Browse digitised, edited and paragraph-numbered versions of critical primary materials related to the Indian Constitution and its origins.
HISTORICAL CONSTITUTIONS
Pre-1946 documents drafted either as British-authored legislation to govern India, or aspirational political documents written by Indians, that greatly influenced the Constitution of India 1950.

COMMITTEE REPORTS
Documents prepared by smaller groups of Constituent Assembly members which conducted preliminary research and advanced recommendations on specific constitutional topics.

Browse digitised, edited and paragraph-numbered versions of critical primary materials related to the Indian Constitution and its origins.

PETITIONS
Feedback and suggestions from groups, organizations, and individuals to the Constituent Assembly on India’s new Constitution.

CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY DEBATES
Transcripts of 167 days of plenary debates that took place in the Constituent Assembly from 9 December 1946 to 24 January 1950.
ExploreConstitution-Making
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Explore the individuals, institutions, and processes involved in drafting the Constitution of India 1950, including biographies of constitution framers, the work of institutions involved, and the various stages of the Constitution-making process. Trace the connections between these aspects of constitution-making and explore further using our curated list of primary materials and additional reading resources.

THE CONSTITUTION FRAMERS
Learn about the early lives of the Constituent Assembly members, the role they played in India’s freedom movement and their contributions to constitution-making.

STAGES OF CONSTITUTION-MAKING
A stage-by-stage overview of how the Indian Constituent Assembly drafted the Constitution of India, along with links to primary and secondary resources to help you delve deeper. Be sure to check out our popular video on constitution-making!
INSTITUTIONS
The Constitution of India 1950 was drafted by the collective work of the following institutions:

COMMITTEES
Smaller groups of members appointed by the Constituent Assembly to conduct preliminary research and deliberate on specific aspects of the Constitution.

CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
A 389-member body responsible for drafting India’s Constitution who came from diverse social, economic and political backgrounds.

CONGRESS ASSEMBLY PARTY
An unofficial forum consisting of Assembly members belonging to the Indian National Congress that met on the side-lines of the Assembly.
LearnDigital Classroom
EngageWritings & Media
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Engage

Discover a wide range of writings and original multimedia content, in the form of blogs, podcasts and videos, that offer valuable insights into the history of India's Constitution, highlighting its relevance to current events both in India and worldwide. We rely on our extensive database of primary materials to produce this content.

Museum
Explore India’s rich constitutional and political history through a diverse collection of archival images, audio and video.

1946 Assembly Debates
Audio

Blog
Articles that engage with important political, social and legal developments in India and the world through constitutional and political history.

Podcasts
Our writings and research brought to life through voice. Also features interviews with scholars and educators.

Videos
Workshops, talks, and educational videos exclusively produced by us on India’s constitutional origins.

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Blog posts by: Varsha Nair

Ladakh’s Sixth Schedule Demand

25 February 2023 • By Varsha Nair

Ladakh has been witnessing huge protests demanding constitutional safeguards for the region under the Sixth Schedule. We examine if this demand is legitimate.

3 mins

Transfer of Power: The Delayed Announcement of the Boundaries of India and Pakistan

30 August 2022 • By Vineeth Krishna and Varsha Nair

On the evening of 13 August 1947, Sir Cyril Radcliffe submitted a report to the Viceroy of India, Lord Mountbatten, that settled the territorial boundaries of India and Pakistan, referred to as the Commissions' ‘awards’. The British archives reveal why there was a delay in the publication of the awards.

2 mins

पहला संवैधानिक संशोधन

16 July 2022 • By Varsha Nair

1 mins

आजाद भारत का पहला बजट

16 July 2022 • By Varsha Nair

1 mins

How a 1934 U.S. Case Shaped the Press Freedom Debate in the Assembly

28 June 2022 • By Varsha Nair and Vineeth Krishna

How was the debate on the Seventh Schedule of the Draft Constitution of India 1948 influenced by U.S. case law?

3 mins

Tightening the Noose on Interfaith Marriage

31 January 2022 • By Varsha Nair

What is the impact of the fusing of anti-conversion bills with interfaith marriage legislation?

2 mins

The Jammu & Kashmir Constituent Assembly

10 January 2022 • By Varsha Nair

We look at the Jammu & Kashmir Constitution and how it came into fruition through some of our Constitution framers.

3 mins

Should Minors Have the Right to Convert?

4 January 2022 • By Varsha Nair

The Indian Constituent Assembly engages with adulthood in the context of religious conversion.

2 mins